Sec 36-509. Confidential records; immunity

A. A health care entity must keep records and information contained in records confidential and not as public records, except as provided in this section. Records and information contained in records may only be disclosed to:

1. Physicians and providers of health, mental health or social and welfare services involved in caring for, treating or rehabilitating the patient.

2. Individuals to whom the patient or the patient's health care decision maker has given authorization to have information disclosed.

3. Persons authorized by a court order.

4. Persons doing research only if the activity is conducted pursuant to applicable federal or state laws and regulations governing research.

5. The state department of corrections in cases in which prisoners confined to the state prison are patients in the state hospital on authorized transfers either by voluntary admission or by order of the court.

6. Governmental or law enforcement agencies if necessary to:

(a) Secure the return of a patient who is on unauthorized absence from any agency where the patient was undergoing evaluation and treatment.

(b) Report a crime on the premises.

(c) Avert a serious and imminent threat to an individual or the public.

7. Persons, including family members, actively participating in the patient's care, treatment or supervision. A health care provider may only release information relating to the patient's diagnosis, prognosis, need for hospitalization, anticipated length of stay, discharge plan, medication, medication side effects and short-term and long-term treatment goals. A health care provider may make this release only after the treating professional or that person's designee interviews the patient or the patient's health care decision maker and the patient or the patient's health care decision maker does not object, unless federal or state law permits the disclosure. If the patient does not have the opportunity to object to the disclosure because of incapacity or an emergency circumstance and the patient's health care decision maker is not available to object to the release, the health care provider in the exercise of professional judgment may determine if the disclosure is in the best interests of the patient and, if so, may release the information authorized pursuant to this paragraph. A decision to release or withhold information is subject to review pursuant to section 36-517.01. The health care provider must record the name of any person to whom any information is given under this paragraph.

8. A state agency that licenses health professionals pursuant to title 32, chapter 13, 15, 17, 19.1 or 33 and that requires these records in the course of investigating complaints of professional negligence, incompetence or lack of clinical judgment.

9. A state or federal agency that licenses health care providers.

10. A governmental agency or a competent professional, as defined in section 36-3701, in order to comply with chapter 37 of this title.

11. Human rights committees established pursuant to title 41, chapter 35. Any information released pursuant to this paragraph shall comply with the requirements of section 41-3804 and applicable federal law and shall be released without personally identifiable information unless the personally identifiable information is required for the official purposes of the human rights committee. Case information received by a human rights committee shall be maintained as confidential. For the purposes of this paragraph, "personally identifiable information" includes a person's name, address, date of birth, social security number, tribal enrollment number, telephone or telefacsimile number, driver license number, places of employment, school identification number and military identification number or any other distinguishing characteristic that tends to identify a particular person.

12. A patient or the patient's health care decision maker pursuant to section 36-507.

13. The department of public safety or another law enforcement agency by the court to comply with the requirements of section 36-540, subsections O and P.

14. A third party payor or the payor's contractor as permitted by the health insurance portability and accountability act privacy standards, 45 Code of Federal Regulations part 160 and part 164, subpart E.

15. A private entity that accredits the health care provider and with whom the health care provider has an agreement requiring the agency to protect the confidentiality of patient information.

16. The legal representative of a health care entity in possession of the record for the purpose of securing legal advice.

17. A person or entity as otherwise required by state or federal law.

18. A person or entity as permitted by the federal regulations on alcohol and drug abuse treatment (42 Code of Federal Regulations part 2).

19. A person or entity to conduct utilization review, peer review and quality assurance pursuant to section 36-441, 36-445, 36-2402 or 36-2917.

20. A person maintaining health statistics for public health purposes as authorized by law.

21. A grand jury as directed by subpoena.

22. A person or entity that provides services to the patient's health care provider, as defined in section 12-2291, and with whom the health care provider has a business associate agreement that requires the person or entity to protect the confidentiality of patient information as required by the health insurance portability and accountability act privacy standards, 45 Code of Federal Regulations part 164, subpart E.

B. Information and records obtained in the course of evaluation, examination or treatment and submitted in any court proceeding pursuant to this chapter or title 14, chapter 5 are confidential and are not public records unless the hearing requirements of this chapter or title 14, chapter 5 require a different procedure. Information and records that are obtained pursuant to this section and submitted in a court proceeding pursuant to title 14, chapter 5 and that are not clearly identified by the parties as confidential and segregated from nonconfidential information and records are considered public records.

C. Notwithstanding subsections A and B of this section, the legal representative of a patient who is the subject of a proceeding conducted pursuant to this chapter and title 14, chapter 5 has access to the patient's information and records in the possession of a health care entity or filed with the court.

D. A health care entity that acts in good faith under this article is not liable for damages in any civil action for the disclosure of records or payment records that is made pursuant to this article or as otherwise provided by law. The health care entity is presumed to have acted in good faith. This presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence.